Following the discovery of pluripotent stem (PS) cells such as embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, there\nhas been a great hope that injured tissues can be repaired by transplantation of ES/iPS-derived various specific types of cells such\nas neural stem cells (NSCs). Although PS cells can be induced by ectopic expression of Yamanaka�s factors, it is known that several\nstimuli such as ischemia/hypoxia can increase the stemness of somatic cells via reprogramming. This suggests that endogenous\nsomatic cells acquire stemness during natural regenerative processes following injury. In this study, we describe whether somatic\ncells are converted into pluripotent stem cells by pathological stimuli without ectopic expression of reprogramming factors based\non the findings of ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells in a mouse model of cerebral infarction.
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